Crystalline form of omeprazole

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a novel crystalline form of 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole, known under the generic name omeprazole. Further, the present invention also relates to the use of the novel crystalline form of 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, pharmaceutical compositions containing it as well as processes for the preparation of the novel crystalline form of 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel crystalline form of5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole.5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazoleis known under the generic name omeprazole and its novel crystallineform is hereinafter referred to as omeprazole form A. Further, thepresent invention also relates to use of omeprazole form A for thetreatment of gastrointestinal disorders, pharmaceutical compositionscontaining omeprazole form A and processes for the preparation ofomeprazole form A.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART

The compound5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole,having the generic name omeprazole, as well as therapeuticallyacceptable salts thereof, are described in EP 5129. The single crystalX-ray data and the derived molecular structure of the so far only knowncrystal form of omeprazole is described by Ohishi et al., Acta Cryst.(1989), C45, 1921-1923. This published crystal form of omeprazole ishereinafter referred to as omeprazole form B.

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor, i.e. effective in inhibitinggastric acid secretion, and is useful as an antiulcer agent. In a moregeneral sense, omeprazole may be used for treatment of gastric-acidrelated diseases in mammals and especially in man.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an X-ray powder diffractogram of omeprazole form A.

FIG. 2 is an X-ray powder diffractogram of omeprazole form B.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has surprisingly been found that the substance omeprazole can existin more than one crystal form. It is an object of the present inventionto provide omeprazole form A. Another object of the present invention isto provide a process for the preparation of omeprazole form A,substantially free from other forms of omeprazole. X-ray powderdiffraction (XRPD) is used as a method of differentiating omeprazoleform A from other crystalline and non-crystalline forms of omeprazole.Additionally it is an object of the present invention to providepharmaceutical formulations comprising omeprazole form A.

Omeprazole form A is a crystalline form exhibiting advantageousproperties, such as being well-defined, being thermodynamically morestable and less hygroscopic than omeprazole form B, especially at roomtemperature. Omeprazole form A does also show a better chemicalstability, such as thermo stability and light stability, than omeprazoleform B.

Omeprazole form B can under certain conditions, completely or partly, beconverted into omeprazole form A. Omeprazole form A is therebycharacterized in being thermodynamically more stable than omeprazoleform B.

Omeprazole form A is further characterized as being essentiallynon-hygroscopic.

Omeprazole form A is characterized by the positions and intensities ofthe peaks in the X-ray powder diffractogram, as well as by the unit cellparameters. The unit cell dimensions have been calculated from accurateGuinier data. The X-ray powder diffractogram data as well as the unitcell parameters for omeprazole form B are different compared toomeprazole form A. Omeprazole form A can thereby be distinguished fromomeprazole form B, using X-ray powder diffraction.

Omeprazole form A, according to the present invention, is characterizedin providing an X-ray powder diffraction pattern, as in FIG. 1,exhibiting substantially the following d-values and intensities;

    ______________________________________                                        Form A            Form A                                                      d-value Relative      d-value Relative                                          (Å) intensity (Å) intensity                                         ______________________________________                                        9.5     vs            3.71    s                                                 7.9 s 3.59 m                                                                  7.4 w 3.48 m                                                                  7.2 vs 3.45 s                                                                 6.0 m 3.31 w                                                                  5.6 s 3.22 s                                                                  5.2 s 3.17 m                                                                  5.1 s 3.11 w                                                                  4.89 w 3.04 w                                                                 4.64 m 3.00 w                                                                 4.60 m 2.91 w                                                                 4.53 w 2.86 w                                                                 4.49 m 2.85 w                                                                 4.31 m 2.75 w                                                                 4.19 w 2.67 w                                                                 4.15 w 2.45 w                                                                 3.95 w 2.41 w                                                               ______________________________________                                    

The peaks, identified with d-values calculated from the Bragg formulaand intensities, have been extracted from the Guinier diffractogram ofomeprazole form A. The relative intensities are less reliable andinstead of numerical values the following definitions are used;

    ______________________________________                                        % Relative Intensity*                                                                              Definition                                               ______________________________________                                        25-100               vs (very strong)                                           10-25 s (strong)                                                               3-10 m (medium)                                                               1-3 w (weak)                                                               ______________________________________                                         *The relative intensities are derived from diffractograms measured with       fixed slits.                                                             

Omeprazole form A according to the present invention is furthercharacterized by a triclinic unit cell with parameters;

a=10.410(4)Å

b=10.468(3)Å

c=9.729(4)Å

α=111.51(3)°

β=116.78(3)°

γ=90.77(3)°

Omeprazole form A can also be characterized by Raman spectroscopy, whereomeprazole form A is characterized by the absence of a band at 1364cm⁻¹, which is observed for omeprazole form B, and by the ratio of therelative intensities of the 842 and 836 cm-1 bands. The ratio (intensityof 842 cm-1 band/intensity of 836 cm-I band) is <1 for omeprazole formA, while the ratio is >1 for omeprazole form B.

According to the invention there is further provided a process for thepreparation of omeprazole form A.

Omeprazole form A is obtained upon slow crystallization and omeprazoleform B is obtained from fast crystallization. Omeprazole form A may beprepared by reaction crystallisation or recrystallizing omeprazole ofany form, or mixtures of any forms, in an appropriate solvent, such asfor instance methanol, at around room temperature and for a prolongedtime period. Examples of prolonged time periods include, but are notlimited to, a few hours, such as 2 hours, up to several weeks. Suitablesolvents are alkyl alcohols and especially a lower alcohol comprising1-4 carbon atoms.

Omeprazole form A may also be prepared by suspending omeprazole of anyform, or mixtures of any forms, in an appropriate solvent at around roomtemperature and for a prolonged time period. Examples of appropriatesolvents include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, acetone,ethyl acetate, methyl tert. butyl ether, toluene, or any mixturethereof. Examples of prolonged time periods include, but are not limitedto, a few hours, such as 2 hours, up to several weeks.

The omeprazole form A obtained according to the present invention issubstantially free from other crystal and non-crystal forms ofomeprazole, such as omeprazole form B. Substantially free from otherforms of omeprazole shall be understood to mean that omeprazole form Acontains less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, of any other forms ofomeprazole, e.g. omeprazole form B.

Omeprazole form A in mixture with other solid form/forms of omeprazole,e.g. omeprazole form B, also exhibits advantageous properties, such asbeing chemically more stable than pure omeprazole form B. Mixturescomprising a certain amount of omeprazole form A, by weight, are alsochemically more stable than other mixtures comprising a lesser amount ofomeprazole form A, by weight. Such mixtures comprising omeprazole form Acan be prepared, for example, by mixing omeprazole form A preparedaccording to the present invention with other solid forms of omeprazole,such as form B, prepared according to prior art.

The present invention also relates to mixtures comprising omeprazoleform A in mixture with other solid forms of omeprazole. Such mixturescomprising omeprazole form A include for instance mixtures containing adetectable amount of omeprazole form A, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%,50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% (by weight), of omeprazole formA.

Examples of other solid forms of omeprazole include, but are not limitedto, omeprazole form B, amorphous forms, and other polymorphs.

A detectable amount of omeprazole form A is an amount that can bedetected using conventional techniques, such as FT-IR, Ramanspectroscopy, XRPD and the like.

The expression chemical stability includes, but is not limited to,thermo stability and light stability.

The compound of the invention, i.e. omeprazole form A, pre paredaccording to the present invention is analyzed, characterized anddifferentiated from omeprazole form B by X-ray powder diffraction, atechnique which is known per se. Another suitable technique to analyze,characterize and differentiate omeprazole form A from omeprazole form Bis by Raman spectroscopy.

Omeprazole form A is effective as a gastric acid secretion inhibitor,and is useful as an antiulcer agent. In a more general sense, it can beused for treatment of gastric-acid related conditions in mammals andespecially in man, including e.g. reflux esophagitis, gastritis,duodenitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Furthermore, it may beused for treatment of other gastrointestinal disorders where gastricacid inhibitory effect is desirable e.g. in patients on NSAID therapy,in patients with Non Ulcer Dyspepsia, in patients with symptomaticgastro-esophageal reflux disease, and in patients with gastrinomas. Thecompound of the invention may also be used in patients in intensive caresituations, in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pre-and postoperatively to prevent aspiration of gastric acid and to treatstress ulceration. Further, the compound of the invention may be usefulin the treatment of psoriasis as well as in the treatment ofHelicobacter infections and diseases related to these. The compound ofthe invention may also be used for treatment of inflammatory conditionsin mammals, including man.

Any suitable route of administration may be employed for providing thepatient with an effective dosage of omeprazole form A according to theinvention. For example, peroral or parenteral formulations and the likemay be employed. Dosage forms include capsules, tablets, dispersions,suspensions and the like, e.g. enteric-coated capsules and/or tablets,capsules and/or tablets containing enteric-coated pellets of omeprazole.In all dosage forms omeprazole form A can be admixtured with othersuitable constituents.

According to the invention there is further provided a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising omeprazole form A, as active ingredient, inassociation with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent orexcipient and optionally other therapeutic ingredients. Compositionscomprising other therapeutic ingredients are especially of interest inthe treatment of Helicobacter infections. The invention also providesthe use of omeprazole form A in the manufacture of a medicament for usein the treatment of a gastric-acid related condition and a method oftreating a gastric-acid related condition which method comprisesadministering to a subject suffering from said condition atherapeutically effective amount of omeprazole form A.

The compositions of the invention include compositions suitable forperoral or parenteral administration. The compositions may beconveniently presented in unit dosage forms, and prepared by any methodsknown in the art of pharmacy.

In the practice of the invention, the most suitable route ofadministration as well as the magnitude of a therapeutic dose ofomeprazole form A in any given case will depend on the nature andseverity of the disease to be treated. The dose, and dose frequency, mayalso vary according to the age, body weight, and response of theindividual patient. Special requirements may be needed for patientshaving Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, such as a need for higher doses thanthe average patient. Children and patients with liver diseases as wellas patients under long term treatment will generally benefit from dosesthat are somewhat lower than the average. Thus, in some conditions itmay be necessary to use doses outside the ranges stated below. Suchhigher and lower doses are within the scope of the present invention.

In general, a suitable oral dosage form may cover a dose range from 5 mgto 250 mg total daily dose, administered in one single dose or equallydivided doses. A preferred dosage range is from 10 mg to 80 mg.

The compound of the invention may be combined as the active component inintimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according toconventional techniques, such as the oral formulations described in WO96/01623 and EP 247 983, the disclosures of which are herebyincorporated as a whole by reference.

Combination therapies comprising omeprazole form A and other activeingredients in separate dosage forms, or in one fixed dosage form, mayalso be used. Examples of such active ingredients include anti-bacterialcompounds, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antacid agents,alginates and prokinetic agents.

The examples which follow will further illustrate the preparation of thecompound of the invention, i.e. omeprazole form A, but are not intendedto limit the scope of the invention as defined hereinabove or as claimedbelow.

EXAMPLES Example 1

Preparation of omeprazole form A

Omeprazole (55.8 g) is added a room temperature to methanol (348 ml)containing ammonia (1.3 ml; 25%). The suspension is thereafter stirredin darkness for approximately 45 hours and then filtered. The filtrateis dried 18 hours at 30° C. under reduced pressure (<5 mbar). Yield:43.9 g.

Example 2

Preparation of omeprazole form B

Omeprazole (50 g)is added to methanol (750 ml) containing ammonia (0.7ml; 25%) at 50° C. The solution is thereafter filtered and cooled inabout 20 minutes to approximately 0° C. The formed crystals are filteredand washed with ice cooled methanol and then dried. is The filtrate wasdried 24 hours at 40° C. under reduced pressure (<5 mbar). Yield: 39 g.

Example 3

Characterization of omeprazole form A and omeprazole form B using X-raypowder diffraction

X-ray diffraction analysis was performed according to standard methodswhich can be found in e.g. Bunn, C. W. (1948), Chemical Crystallography,Clarendon Press, London; or Klug, H. P. & Alexander, L. E. (1974), X-RayDiffraction Procedures, John Wiley and Sons, New York. The unit cellparameters for omeprazole form A and B have been calculated from theGuinier X-ray powder diffractograms using the program "TREOR" by Werner,P. -E., Eriksson, L. and Westdahl, M., J. Appt. Crystallogr. 18 (1985)367-370. The fact that the positions of all peaks in the diffractogramsfor omeprazole form A and form B may be calculated using the respectiveunit cell parameters, proves that the unit cells are correct and thatthe diffractograms are indicative of the pure forms. The diffractogramof omeprazole form A, prepared according to Example 1 in the presentapplication, is shown in FIG. 1 and the diffractogram of omeprazole formB, prepared according to Example 2 in the present application is shownin FIG. 2.

The peaks, identified with d-values calculated from the Bragg formulaand intensities, have been extracted from the diffractograms foromeprazole forms A and form B, and are given in Table 1. In this tablethe unit cell parameters for omeprazole forms A and B are also given.The relative intensities are less reliable and instead of numericalvalues the following definitions are used;

    ______________________________________                                        % Relative Intensity Definition                                               ______________________________________                                        25-100               vs (very strong)                                           10-25 s (strong)                                                               3-10 m (medium)                                                               1-3 w (weak)                                                               ______________________________________                                    

Some additional weak or very weak peaks found in the diffractograms havebeen omitted from table 1.

Table 1. X-ray powder diffraction data for omeprazole form A and form Bshown in FIGS. 1 and 2. All peaks noted for omeprazole form A and form Bcan be indexed with the unit cells given below.

    ______________________________________                                        Form A            Form B                                                      d-value Relative      d-value Relative                                          (Å) intensity (Å) intensity                                         ______________________________________                                        9.5     vs            9.6     vs                                                7.9 s 8.0 m                                                                   7.4 w 7.9 m                                                                   7.2 vs 7.5 w                                                                  6.0 m 7.1 vs                                                                  5.6 s 5.9 m                                                                   5.2 s 5.6 m                                                                   5.1 s 5.3 s                                                                   4.89 w 5.1 s                                                                  4.64 m 4.54 m                                                                 4.60 m 4.48 s                                                                 4.53 w 4.41 m                                                                 4.49 m 4.14 w                                                                 4.31 m 3.75 s                                                                 4.19 w 3.57 m                                                                 4.15 w 3.47 s                                                                 3.95 w 3.40 w                                                                 3.71 s 3.28 s                                                                 3.59 m 3.22 m                                                                 3.48 m 3.02 w                                                                 3.45 s 2.97 w                                                                 3.31 w 2.87 w                                                                 3.22 s 2.37 w                                                                 3.17 m                                                                        3.11 w                                                                        3.04 w                                                                        3.00 w                                                                        2.91 w                                                                        2.86 w                                                                        2.85 w                                                                        2.75 w                                                                        2.67 w                                                                        2.45 w                                                                        2.41 w                                                                      ______________________________________                                    

The triclinic unit cells are:

    ______________________________________                                        Unit cell form A    Unit cell form B                                          ______________________________________                                        a = 10.410(4) Å a = 10.257(10) Å                                        b = 10.468(3) Å b = 10.717(6) Å                                       c = 9.729(4) Å c = 9.694(10) Å                                        α = 111.51(3)° α = 112.14(7)°                       β = 116.78(3)° β = 115.56(5)°                         γ = 90.77(3)° γ = 91.76 (7)°                      ______________________________________                                    

What is claimed is:
 1. Omeprazole form A which is a non-salt racemate,wherein omeprazole form A provides an X-ray powder diffraction patternexhibiting substantially the following d-values:

    ______________________________________                                        Form A             Form A                                                     d-value  Relative      D-value Relative                                         (Å) intensity (Å) intensity                                         ______________________________________                                        9.5      vs            3.71    s                                                7.9 s 3.59 m                                                                  7.4 w 3.48 m                                                                  7.2 vs 3.45 s                                                                 6.0 m 3.31 w                                                                  5.6 s 3.22 s                                                                  5.2 s 3.17 m                                                                  5.1 s 3.11 w                                                                  4.89 w 3.04 w                                                                 4.64 m 3.00 w                                                                 4.60 m 2.91 w                                                                 4.53 w 2.86 w                                                                 4.49 m 2.85 w                                                                 4.31 m 2.75 w                                                                 4.19 w 2.67 w                                                                 4.15 w 2.45 w                                                                 3.95 w 2.41 w.                                                              ______________________________________                                    


2. Omeprazole form A, according to claim 1, wherein omeprazole form A isdefined by a triclinic unit cell with parameters a=10.410(4)Å,b=10.468(3)Å, c=9.729(4)Å, α=111.51(3)°, β=116.78(3)°, γ=90.77(3)°.
 3. Apharmaceutical formulation comprising omeprazole form A according toclaim 1 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 4. Amethod of treatment of gastrointestinal disorders which comprisesadministration of a therapeutically effective amount of omeprazole formA according to claim 1 to a patient suffering from gastrointestinaldisorders.
 5. A process for the preparation of omeprazole form Aaccording to claim 1 comprising the steps of:a) dissolving or suspendingomeprazole of any form, or a mixture of omeprazole of any form, in asuitable solvent at 15-25° C.; b) allowing the solution to crystallizefor at least 2 hours, and c) isolating the omeprazole form A thusobtained.
 6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the solvent usedin step a) is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol,acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl tert. butyl ether, toluene and anymixture thereof.